Financial Management - Accounting, Governance - Controls, IM, Public institution, River Basin Organization, Tool, Water and Sanitation Service Provider,

Accountability for expenditures

Legal or ethical duty to account for the use of funds, equipment and authority.

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Financial Management - Accounting, IM, Risk, Water and Sanitation Service Provider,

Inefficient revenue generation

Insufficient billing and collection systems and outdated customer databases endanger utilities’ generation of revenues.

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Financial Management - Accounting, IM, Risk, SME,

Loan scam

SMEs might be tempted to take dubious loan offers, when desperate.

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Financial Management - Accounting, Governance - Controls, IM, Public institution, Risk, River Basin Organization, SME, Water and Sanitation Service Provider,

Manipulation of documents

Manipulation of documents on procurement, staffing, billing, maintenance etc.

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Financial Management - Accounting, Governance - Controls, IM, Public institution, Risk, River Basin Organization, SME, Water and Sanitation Service Provider,

Irregularities in auditing process

Audit results are corrupted when biased by personal interests.

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Financial Management - Accounting, IM, Public institution, Risk, SME, Water and Sanitation Service Provider,

Error-prone accounting systems

Manual or inadequate electronic accounting systems making it easy to avoid procedures.

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Financial Management - Accounting, Human Resources, IM, Public institution, Risk, SME, Water and Sanitation Service Provider,

Payroll fraud

Tampering with pay cheques, timesheets and curriculum vitae or creating ghost workers and other illicit practices.

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